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A number of chromosomal abnormalities have been identified
and associated with the various forms of leukemia. Although
cytogenetic analysis is not part of the current standard criteria
for identification, it certainly augments the standard criteria,
and may at some point become part of the standard.
Cytogenetic studies are done by evaluation of chromosome metaphase
preparations to detect numeric and structural karotype.
Most important to the study of acute leukemias are the translocations
that result from the movement of a DNA segment from one chromosome
to another. Usually a reciprocal exchange occurs. 60 % of
patient’s with AML have chromosomal abnormalities (and
65% of ALL cases).
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